As we scroll through our social media feeds today, we’re bombarded with countless images enhanced by modern photo editing tools. But the desire to perfect one’s appearance isn’t new. In the past, ...

The “long 19th century” begins with the French Revolution of 1789 and ends in 1914, with the First World War. We’ll examine the artistic movements that chiefly led to further developments in art: ...

George Catlin's c. 1827 fusion of art and cartography, A Bird's Eye View of Niagara Falls, likely struck 19th-century viewers as highly imaginative. Private Collection / Smithsonian American Art ...