An increased pressure gradient across the stenosis, or the presence of collateral circulation through the retroperitoneal, vertebral, intercostal, and azygos veins, are better indications of the ...

If the normal passageway of portal blood through the liver meets abnormal resistance, it might be rerouted via extrahepatic collateral circulation or by intrahepatic venovenous shunts. The data ...

The principal clinical finding, namely a marked venous collateral circulation, can be seen in the Figure (black arrows). The collateral vessels, situated ventrally and dorsally, display high ...

How is a venous skin ulcer treated? The first step involves improving blood circulation. To do this, you can: Lift your legs above the level of your heart as often as possible. For example, lie down ...