However, this symbol did not originate with Islam; it was adopted for the first time by the city of Byzantine (which later became Istanbul). While the Ottoman Empire ruled the Muslim world ...

Fez hats were once a symbol of the Ottoman Empire. But after they were banned in Egypt in the 1950s, fez shops largely disappeared. We visited one of the last shops in Cairo, where Nasser Abd El ...

Topkapi Palace, the residence of Ottoman sultans for nearly 400 years, is a remarkable symbol of the empire's power and opulence. Constructed shortly after the fall of Constantinople, it became ...

Population surveillance. The carrying of identification while traveling. Add to that the public presence of diverse religions ...

An Osaka Metropolitan University historian has found that the Ottoman Empire’s seeming religious tolerance stemmed from ...