Let’s take a look at what it takes to create some fun, out-of-the-ordinary gate implementations. As an example, let’s consider the AND gate (the others are OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR).

NOT, AND, and OR logic gates are considered to be functionally complete because they can be used to generate any function. Complex applications use numerous NOT, AND, and OR gates, along with NAND, ...