In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, [1] including inorganic acids. It contains a double-bonded oxygen atom and an organyl group ( R−C=O ) or hydrogen in the case of formyl group ( H−C=O ).

Mar 6, 2025 · An acyl cation is a positively charged species derived from carboxylic acids, formed when the hydroxyl group (−OH) is lost as a hydroxide ion (OH−). This results in a carbonyl functional group with an unstable positive charge on the carbon atom.

Aug 31, 2021 · When an acyl group replaces the hydrogen of alcohols, carboxylic acids, hydrogen halides, ammonia or amines, we have the acyl compounds known as esters, anhydrides, halides, and amides, respectively. Each of these types of compounds are named as follows.Image. Carboxylic Esters, RCO2R′ R C O 2 R ′. 1.

Jan 29, 2025 · The reaction of an aromatic substrate with an acid chloride (or acid anhydride) in the presence of an aluminum chloride catalyst is used to introduce an acyl group (C=O) into the aromatic ring through an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism.

Jul 30, 2024 · As the resonance structures in the figure indicate, an acyl cation is stabilized by interaction of the vacant orbital on carbon with lone-pair electrons on the neighboring oxygen. Because of this stabilization, no carbocation rearrangement occurs during acylation.

The electrophile is shown as an acyl cation, called an acylium ion, which forms from a Lewis acid-Lewis base complex of aluminum trichloride and the acyl chloride. Acyl cations are resonance-stabilized.

Oct 26, 2024 · Learn about acylation mechanism for your A-level chemistry exam. Find information on acid chlorides, nucleophilic attack and reaction conditions.

Consequently, the first step of the Friedel-Crafts acylation is the formation of a very electrophilic intermediate, the acylium cation. This cation is formed when the chlorine atom of the acyl chloride binds to the strong Lewis acidic AlCl 3 , prompting the C-Cl bond to break.

Acylation is the process or mechanism of adding an acyl group to a particular compound. Learn more about the mechanism of acylation reaction along with examples and Friedel crafts acylation reaction.

Acyl intermediates include acyl anions, acyl radicals and acyl cations (synonym acylium ions) which are formally derived from oxoacids RkE (=O)l(OH)m ( l ≠ 0) by removal of a hydroxyl cation HO+, a hydroxyl radical HO. or a hydroxyl anion HO−, respectively, and replacement analogues of such intermediates.