Feb 12, 2022 · I had to re-read the Richter paper a couple of times to digest it, and from my understanding, the differences in swimming time was in the same (first) experiment. The tweak to the experiment was where, instead of using domesticated rats, they used hybrid rats ("crosses between domesticated and wild rats"). References. Richter, C. P. (1957).

I haven't found a methodological comparison of different types of reinforcements, and I suspect such a comparison might be very difficult or even impossible, because the efficacy of a (positive) reinforcement is greatly affected by the animal's "appetite" for it: for example, to use food as a reinforcement, rats are usually starved (the ...

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A paper by Spragg (1934) describes exploring anticipatory responses in both rats and human (student) subjects. Overall and Brown (1959) examined decision making behavior in rats and humans (students) using a maze task. Gallistel, Charles R. (1993). The organization of learning (Learning, development, and conceptual change). A Bradford Book: 662 ...

The brain size/intelligence correlation is also found in non-human animals, both within a species (e.g. rats) and between different species (e.g. species of birds, species of primates). Brain size is also environmentally sensitive: for instance, rats raised in complex environments have thicker cortices and larger brains than rats reared in ...

Jan 14, 2020 · (1) It has be shown that rats deprived of paradoxical sleep died in 16-54 day. (2) I don't know if this will work, but I've been taught at university that neurons can die from sub or over stimulation.

Suppose you make a rat run through a maze to find it's food. Every day, you put the rat into the same maze. The first few times this rat has to run the maze, it will probably take a little while to

Jul 11, 2015 · To get rid of rats, people introduced cats that instead of hunting rats killed off the entire island's bird population". The explanation given is that birds could not recognize cats as predators and/or did not have natural predators in the environment.

Apr 21, 2015 · In rats, the application of a painful stimulus has shown an increase in overall arousal and the ability to learn certain behaviours (The study is neatly summed up in this video: Motivation and Reward in Learning). The experiment with electric shocks is …

These bursts are similar to the sort of data they will generate once they actual start sensing, and these preliminary bursts allow the human fetus to start developing its visual cortex before it even has functional retina. This is not unique to humans, and similar activity was first observed in rats (Galli & Maffei, 1988).